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src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808150756.png" alt=""></p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808182518.png" alt=""></p> <ul><li>1、外部或者内部的非Spring Cloud项目都统一通过API网关（Zuul）来访问内部服务.</li> <li>2、网关接收到请求后，从注册中心（Eureka）获取可用服务</li> <li>3、由Ribbon进行均衡负载后，分发到后端的具体实例</li> <li>4、微服务之间通过Feign进行通信处理业务</li> <li>5、Hystrix负责处理服务超时熔断</li> <li>6、Turbine监控服务间的调用和熔断相关指标</li></ul> <p>图中没有画出配置中心，配置中心管理各微服务不同环境下的配置文件。</p> <p>以上就是一个完整的Spring Cloud生态图。</p> <p>参考博客：http://www.ityouknow.com/springcloud/2017/09/11/can-use-springcloud.html</p> <h2 id="spring-cloud学习示例"><a href="#spring-cloud学习示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> spring-cloud学习示例</h2> <p>https://github.com/ityouknow/spring-cloud-examples</p> <h2 id="springcloud主要组件"><a href="#springcloud主要组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> SpringCloud主要组件</h2> <h3 id="服务注册发现-eureka"><a href="#服务注册发现-eureka" class="header-anchor">#</a> 服务注册发现-Eureka</h3> <p>Netflix Eureka 是由 Netflix 开源的一款基于 REST 的服务发现组件，包括 Eureka Server 及 Eureka Client。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808151119.png" alt=""></p> <p>使用参考；http://www.ityouknow.com/springcloud/2017/05/10/springcloud-eureka.html</p> <h3 id="负载均衡-ribbon"><a href="#负载均衡-ribbon" class="header-anchor">#</a> 负载均衡-Ribbon</h3> <p>Ribbon Netflix 公司开源的一个负载均衡的组件。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808151329.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="远程调用-feign"><a href="#远程调用-feign" class="header-anchor">#</a> 远程调用-Feign</h3> <p>Feign是是一个声明式的Web Service客户端。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808151540.png" alt=""></p> <p>Feign的原理步骤可以理解为：</p> <blockquote><p>a.通过主类上的EnableFeignClients 注解开启FeignClient；</p> <p>b.根据Feign 的规则实现接口，并加上FeignClient注解，供调用的地方注入调用；</p> <p>c.程序启动后，会扫描所有FeignClient 注解的类，并将这些信息注入到IOC 容器中；</p> <p>d.当b中接口被调用时，通过jdk代理，以及反射（Spring处理注解的方式），来生成具体的RequestTemplate</p> <p>e.RequestTemplate 生成Reqest</p> <p>f.Request 交给httpclient处理，这里的httpclient 可以是OkHttp，也可以是HttpUrlConnection 或者HttpClient</p> <p>g.最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类，这个类结合Ribbon 实现负载均衡</p></blockquote> <h3 id="熔断器-hystrix"><a href="#熔断器-hystrix" class="header-anchor">#</a> 熔断器-Hystrix</h3> <p>Hystrix是Netstflix 公司开源的一个项目，它提供了熔断器功能，能够阻止分布式系统中出现联动故障。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808151832.png" alt=""></p> <p>参考博客：http://www.ityouknow.com/springcloud/2017/05/16/springcloud-hystrix.html</p> <h3 id="网关-zuul"><a href="#网关-zuul" class="header-anchor">#</a> 网关-Zuul</h3> <p>Zuul 是由 Netflix 孵化的一个致力于“网关 “解决方案的开源组件。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808152135.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="网关2-0-gateway"><a href="#网关2-0-gateway" class="header-anchor">#</a> 网关2.0-Gateway</h3> <p>Spring Cloud Gateway 是 Spring 官方基于 Spring 5.0、 Spring Boot 2.0 和 Project Reactor 等 技术开发的网关， Spring Cloud Gateway 旨在为微服务架构提供简单、 有效且统一的 API 路由管理方式。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808152406.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="配置中心-config"><a href="#配置中心-config" class="header-anchor">#</a> 配置中心-Config</h3> <p>Spring Cloud 中提供了分布式配置中 Spring Cloud Config ，为外部配置提供了客户端和服务器端的支持。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808152515.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="消息总线-bus"><a href="#消息总线-bus" class="header-anchor">#</a> 消息总线-Bus</h3> <p>使用 Spring Cloud Bus, 可以非常容易地搭建起消息总线。</p> <p>Spring cloud bus通过轻量消息代理连接各个分布的节点。这会用在广播状态的变化（例如配置变化）或者其他的消息指令。Spring bus的一个核心思想是通过分布式的启动器对spring boot应用进行扩展，也可以用来建立一个多个应用之间的通信频道。目前唯一实现的方式是用AMQP消息代理作为通道，同样特性的设置（有些取决于通道的设置）在更多通道的文档中。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808152649.png" alt=""></p> <p>Spring cloud bus被国内很多都翻译为消息总线，也挺形象的。大家可以将它理解为管理和传播所有分布式项目中的消息既可，其实本质是利用了MQ的广播机制在分布式的系统中传播消息，目前常用的有Kafka和RabbitMQ。利用bus的机制可以做很多的事情，其中配置中心客户端刷新就是典型的应用场景之一，我们用一张图来描述bus在配置中心使用的机制。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808175220.png" alt=""></p> <p>根据此图我们可以看出利用Spring Cloud Bus做配置更新的步骤:</p> <ul><li>1、提交代码触发post给客户端A发送bus/refresh</li> <li>2、客户端A接收到请求从Server端更新配置并且发送给Spring Cloud Bus</li> <li>3、Spring Cloud bus接到消息并通知给其它客户端</li> <li>4、其它客户端接收到通知，请求Server端获取最新配置</li> <li>5、全部客户端均获取到最新的配置</li></ul> <p><strong>改进版本</strong></p> <p>在上面的流程中，我们已经到达了利用消息总线触发一个客户端<code>bus/refresh</code>,而刷新所有客户端的配置的目的。但这种方式并不优雅。原因如下：</p> <ul><li>打破了微服务的职责单一性。微服务本身是业务模块，它本不应该承担配置刷新的职责。</li> <li>破坏了微服务各节点的对等性。</li> <li>有一定的局限性。例如，微服务在迁移时，它的网络地址常常会发生变化，此时如果想要做到自动刷新，那就不得不修改WebHook的配置。</li></ul> <p>因此我们将上面的架构模式稍微改变一下</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808180001.png" alt=""></p> <p>这时Spring Cloud Bus做配置更新步骤如下:</p> <ul><li>1、提交代码触发post请求给bus/refresh</li> <li>2、server端接收到请求并发送给Spring Cloud Bus</li> <li>3、Spring Cloud bus接到消息并通知给其它客户端</li> <li>4、其它客户端接收到通知，请求Server端获取最新配置</li> <li>5、全部客户端均获取到最新的配置</li></ul> <p>参考博客：http://www.ityouknow.com/springcloud/2017/05/26/springcloud-config-eureka-bus.html</p> <h3 id="认证授权-oauth2"><a href="#认证授权-oauth2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 认证授权-OAuth2</h3> <p>Sprin Cloud 构建的微服务系统中可以使用 Spring Cloud OAuth2 来保护微服务系统。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808152847.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="链路追踪-sleuth"><a href="#链路追踪-sleuth" class="header-anchor">#</a> 链路追踪-Sleuth</h3> <p>Spring Cloud Sleuth是Spring Cloud 个组件，它的主要功能是在分布式系统中提供服务链路追踪的解决方案。</p> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/f1ybird/cloudimg/img/20210808153023.png" alt=""></p></div> <footer class="page-edit" style="display:none;"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/f1ybird/edit/master/docs/views/java/springcloud体系总结.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在 GitHub 上编辑此页！</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon 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